Advanced Technology for Brain Tumor : MRI Guided Brain Tumor , Gamma Knife Radio Surgery in India

Brain TumorsBrain and spinal cord tumors are abnormal growths of tissue found inside the skull or on the spine. Any tumor (cancerous or non-cancerous) located near the central nervous system (brain or spinal cord) can pose a threat to health. Symptoms of brain tumors include headaches, seizures, nausea and vomiting, vision or hearing problems, behavioral and cognitive problems, motor problems, and balance problems.For a tumor that can be removed without unacceptable risk of neurological damage, surgery to remove as much tumor as possible is usually the first step in treatment. Some tumors may be inaccessible or inoperable tumor because of the risk of severe nervous system damage.Types of Brain TumorsMeningiomaA meningioma is a slow-growing tumor that develops from the membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. These tumors are usually benign but some may be malignant. However even "benign" tumors can grow and constrict and affect the brain, which may cause disability and may even be life threatening. Because meningiomas grow slowly, it may reach a relatively large size before it causes symptoms. Other meningiomas grow rapidly or have sudden growth spurts. Standard treatment is to remove the tumor, the portion of the lining of the brain or spinal cord where it is attached and any bone involved. Complete removal of the tumor is sometimes possible.Pituitary TumorA pituitary tumor is an abnormal growth in the pituitary gland, the part of the brain that regulates the body's balance of hormones. The most common treatment for pituitary tumors is surgery. The decision to pursue surgical treatment depends on the type, location and size of tumor, and the patient's age and overall health. Most of the time, pituitary tumors can be removed through the nose and sinuses without an exernal incision. However, some tumors cannot be removed this way and will require removal through the skull with an incision in the scalp. Astrocytoma Tumors Astrocytoma tumors are the most common glioma, accounting for about half of all primary brain and spinal cord tumors.Other symptoms for Brain Tumours can include:

• Headaches

• Nausea and/or vomiting

• Difficulty speaking or remembering words

• Disturbed vision, hearing, smell or taste

• General irritability or a change in personality - this is sometimes noticed only by family or friends

• Drowsiness

How is Brain Tumors Diagnosed?

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. MRI is a technique that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the brain. Sometimes a special dye is injected into the bloodstream to make tumors appear different from healthy tissue (MR angiography).

• Computerized tomographies (CT) scan. A CT scan uses a sophisticated X-ray machine linked to a computer to produce detailed, two-dimensional images of the brain. A CT scan can be very helpful in certain types of tumors, especially ones close to or involving bone.

• Other brain scans. Other tests - such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) scanning - help doctors gauge brain tumor activity and blood flow.

• Angiogram. A special dye is injected into the arteries that feed the brain, making the blood vessels visible on X-ray. This test helps locate blood vessels in and around a brain tumor.

• Biopsy - A biopsy involves removing a piece of the tumor for viewing under a microscope. Oncologist needs to know the tumor type and grade to plan proper treatment.

What are the advances in radiation therapy of Brain Tumours?

• 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D-CRT) and Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT): CT scan and MRI are used to delineate the tumour and computers are used for radiation planning. Only the tumour and the high-risk region surrounding the tumour is radiated, avoiding radiation to the normal structures in the brain.

• Stereotactic Radio-surgery (SRS) and Stereotactic Radiotherapy (SRT): Highly precise immobilization and image guidance system is used for treatment of selected brain tumours . Stereotactic radio-surgery delivering high-dose of radiation in single or a very few sessions is performed in adults with tumours such as metastatic residual glioma, meningioma and schwannoma. Novalis-Tx and Cyberknife are advanced machines to deliver such high-precision therapy.

• High-definition Rapid Arc: This is the latest software advancement in radiation planning technology. Radiation is delivered in continuous fashion moving the machine head and its small components simultaneously around the patient's head targeting the tumour by infinite small radiation beams.

• Proton beam therapy: Proton therapy avoids spillage of radiation dose to the surrounding brain. It is preferred in children as well as in patients with recurrent tumours who have received radiation therapy earlier.

Most Advanced Technology for Brain Tumours Treatment in India

• MRI Guided Brain Tumor Surgery - Advanced imaging technique now developed to enable Neurosurgeons with intra-operative MRI to aid in the removal of complex and hard-to-access brain tumors during surgery.

• Gamma Knife Radio Surgery in India - Gamma knife radio surgery is a non-invasive procedure to treat benign and malignant brain tumors.

Artificial Disc Replacement Surgery in India - Best Spine Hospital India

What Is an Artificial Disc?

Prestige^® Cervical Disc

An artificial disc is a prosthetic device inserted between the vertebrae to replace a natural spinal disc. It is designed to preserve mobility throughout the treated vertebral segment.

When non-surgical therapies fail to provide relief from acute disc herniation, your doctor may recommend spine surgery. The goal of surgery is to remove all or part of a damaged disc (discectomy), relieve pressure on the nerves and/or spinal cord (decompression), and to restore spinal stability and alignment after the disc has been removed.

Traditionally, spinal fusion has been the gold standard for surgically treating disc herniation or degenerative disc disease. Using bone grafts and instrumentation, such as metal plates and screws, this procedure fuses, or creates a bond between, two adjacent vertebrae. This will ideally stabilize the spine segment and provide pain relief.

This procedure has been successful in many patients. However, spinal fusion results in loss of motion and flexibility in the treated vertebral segment.

As an alternative to spinal fusion, your doctor may recommend a surgical procedure called artificial disc replacement. This is a type of joint replacement procedure, or arthroplasty, that involves inserting an artificial disc into the intervertebral space after a natural cervical disc has been removed.

The device is designed to preserve mobility within the disc space and throughout the treated vertebral segment. It is designed to function like a joint, providing motion (flexion, extension, side bending, and rotation) and alignment (height and curvature) of a natural disc.

The Prestige Cervical Disc is an artificial disc used to replace a problematic disc in patients with single-level (meaning only one spinal disc is affected) cervical degenerative disc disease. Disc degeneration is a normal part of aging, but painful degeneration is caused by a fall, a twisting injury or repetitive wear-and-tear to the cervical spine. Symptoms of cervical degenerative disc disease include low-grade pain from a stiff or inflexible neck and numbness, tingling, or weakness in the neck, arms, or shoulders as a result of nerves in the cervical area becoming irritated or pinched. Cervical fusion surgery is the current gold standard treatment for cervical degenerative disc disease.

Benefits  – Artificial Disc Replacement Surgery

The Prestige^® Cervical Disc as an alternative to spinal fusion was evaluated in a clinical study that involved 541 patients – the largest clinical study of its kind ever conducted and completed for the cervical spine.

Some key findings of the clinical study include:

• The group of patients receiving the Prestige Cervical Disc had a median return to work that was 26.2% earlier than the median in the spinal fusion treatment group.
• Patients in the Prestige Cervical Disc group experienced no device failures (breakages).
• Fewer patients in the Prestige Cervical Disc group required revision surgical procedures than those in the spinal fusion treatment group. A revision surgery was defined as a procedure that adjusts or in any way modifies the original implant configuration.

Spinal Cord Injury, Sports Injury Treatment in India

What is a spinal cord injury?

The bone used for this procedure is usually taken from another bone in the body, most often from the hip. This does not damage the hip and makes the fusion more stable. If needed, a small surgery on the hip will be performed at the same time as the spine surgery.

 It is very common to need a cervical collar or other brace after surgery. The brace keeps you from putting stress on the healing muscles and bones. It will allow you to start getting out of bed about a day after surgery. If needed, physical and occupational therapists will also be able to work with you. 

Spinal cord injury is damage to the spinal cord that results in a loss of function such as mobility or feeling. Frequent causes of damage are trauma (car accident, falls, diving etc.) or disease (polio, spina bifida, Friedreich's Ataxia etc.).

Quadriplegia (also referred to as tetraplagia) is loss of function below the neck.

Paraplegia is loss of function below the chest.

A fusion procedure involves attaching metal screws, plates or other devices to the bones of the spine to help keep them properly aligned. This is usually done when two or more of the spinal bones, also called vertebrae, have been injured. Small pieces of bone may also be attached to the injured bones to help them fuse into one solid piece. 

The spinal cord does not have to be severed in order for a loss of functioning to occur. In fact, in most people with spinal cord injury, the spinal cord is intact, but the damage due to compression or bruising to it results in loss of functioning. Spinal cord injury is very different from back injuries such as ruptured disks, spinal stenosis or pinched nerves.

A person can "break their back or neck" yet not sustain a spinal cord injury if only the bones around the spinal cord (the vertebrae) are damaged, but the spinal cord is not affected. In these situations, the individual may not experience paralysis if bone damage is treated correctly.

What is the spinal cord and the vertabrae?

The adult spinal cord is about 50 centimetres long and extends from the base of the brain to about the waist. It is the major bundle of nerves that carry messages between the brain and the rest of the body. Nerves within the spinal cord (upper motor neurons) carry messages back and forth from the brain to the spinal nerves along the spinal tract. Lower motor neurons branch out from the spinal cord to the other parts of the body, carrying sensations (from the skin and other body parts and organs to the brain) and instructions (to the various body parts to initiate actions such as muscle movement).

Injury to the spinal cord causes loss of function of the nerves, limbs and organs below the site of the injury.

The spinal cord lies within vertebrae. These rings of bones are together called the spinal column or back bone. In general, the higher in the spinal column an injury occurs, the more dysfunction a person will experience.

There are seven vertebrae in the neck—the Cervical Vertebrae—C1 (at the top) to C7. Injury in this region usually causes loss of function to the arms and legs (quadriplegia or tetraplegia).

There are twelve Thoracic Vertebrae. The highest (T1) is where the top rib attaches. Injury to the thoracic region affects the chest and the legs.

Between the thoracic vertebrae and the pelvis lie the 5 Lumbar Vertebrae. The 5 Sacral Vertebrae run from the pelvis to the end of the spinal column. Injury to nerves in the lumbar and sacral vertebrae generally results in loss of functioning in the hips and legs.

Loss of function in the chest, hips and legs is Paraplegia.

What are the types of spinal cord injury?

Quadraplegia occurs in case of any kind of physical trauma that crushes and compresses the vertebrae in the neck. This type of apine injury can cause irreversible damage at the cervical level of the spinal cord and below. This type of spinal cord injury may even cause paralysis of most of the body including the arms and legs. 

Paraplegia occurs mostly in cases of car or bike accidents. In this type of spine injury the middle back i.e. thoracic or lumbar spine

What are the surgeries available in India for treatment of spinal cord injury?

Surgery to stabilize the spine can be performed from the back of the spine, called posterior spine surgery, or from the front of the spine, called anterior spine surgery. In some cases, both approaches may be needed, usually in two separate operations. 

Best Stroke Treatment Hospital in India

Stroke Recovery Treatment in India

What is Stroke?

Stroke refers to a brain disease caused by either blockage of blood supply or rupture of a blood vessel to a particular part of the brain. This results in reduction of blood and oxygen supply to the affected part of brain resulting in loss of function

A Stroke can be categorized into two types:

• Hemorrhagic Strokes: This type of stroke occurs when a blood vessel bleeds and burst within the brain. This accumulated blood compresses the nearby tissues of the brain. This could be due to:
  
  • A blood vessel on the brain surface starts bleeding in between the area of the skull and the brain.
  • A blood vessel bleeding or bursting inside the brain
  • Hemorrhagic strokes has two main types:
    
    • Subarachnoid hemorrhage: In this, there is bleeding in between the area of the brain and the thin tissues covering the brain.
    • Intracerebral hemorrhage: This is considered as the most common type of hemorrhagic strokes. This occurs when an artery bursts inside the brain and resulting in the flooding of the nearby blood tissues.
• Ischemic Stroke: This occurs when something is causing blockage in an artery which is carrying blood to the brain. The potential causes are:
  
  • When there is a blockage in the small blood vessels within the brain
  • When a blood clot develops in the main artery to the brain
  • When an air bubble, a blood clot or fat globule develops in a blood vessel which is carried to the brain.
  • There are two common types of Ischemic stroke:
    
    • Embolic Stroke: This stroke occurs when other debris or a blood clot develops away from the brain. This mostly happens in the heart and is swept from the bloodstream into the narrow brain arteries. This kind of blood clot is known as an embolus.
    • Thrombotic Stroke: This occurs when thrombus (a blood clot) develops in one of the arteries which supply blood to the brain. This clot may be due to the accumulation of plague (fatty deposits) in the arteries that causes decreased blood flow.

When there is temporary blockage in the blood supply to the brain and there is a feeling of stroke for a little time. This entire process is termed as mini stroke or a transient ischaemic attack (TIA). A mini stroke is an indication that a part of the brain is not getting sufficient blood and this can result into a severe stroke in the future.

Causes

Some of the causes that can lead to a stroke are as follows:

• Ageing
• High blood pressure
• Diabetes
• Cardiovascular diseases
• High cholesterol
• Obesity
• Vitamin B12 deficiency
• Excessive alcohol and drug abuse

Symptoms

Symptoms of a stroke occur suddenly. Symptoms vary depending on the location of the stroke. Each area of the brain is supplied by specific arteries. If an artery supplying the area of the brain that controls the left arm movements is blocked, that arm becomes weak or paralyzed.

The five most common signs and symptoms of stroke are:

• Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg - like weakness of half of the body called as hemiplegia.
• Sudden confusion or trouble speaking or understanding others called aphasia in medical terms.
• Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes called as mono or binocular vision disturbance. This could be due a stroke anywhere in the visual pathway.
• Sudden dizziness, trouble walking, or loss of balance or coordination, this is commonly due to posterior circulation strokes.
• Sudden severe headache with no known cause is due to hemorrhage or sometimes infarction.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis is based on the symptoms and a good history given by the patient or an observer. Usually any neurologic symptom occurring suddenly in a neurovascular territory is attributed to a stroke. CT scan done immediately after a stroke is almost always normal in ischemic strokes. MRI with diffusion images is sensitive to diagnose acute infarction.

Treatment of a Stroke

The treatment for both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke is different.

The purpose of treating ischemic stroke is to restore the flow of the blood in the brain. Medications are given in the first four and a half hours of the stroke for destroying the clots in the blood vessels. An injection of tissue plasminogen (TPA) can also be given to a patient for improving the probability of a full recovery.

The main purpose of treating a hemorrhagic stroke is to stop bleeding and decrease the pressure on the brain. Instead of blood thinners, clotting drugs can be given. After the area has been healed and the bleeding is controlled, the damaged and leaky blood vessels are then repaired.

The first stroke device approved by FDA is Merci retriever. The aim of this device is to restore the flow of the blood in the neurovasculature by removing thrombus in those patients who have ischemic stroke.

The penumbra system (endovascular thromboaspiration) is the last FDA approved device that has been primarily developed for removing a clot in the case of acute ischemic stroke. In order to eliminate or reduce the clot burden, this system uses dual approaches to clot extraction by using debulking and aspiration of the thrombus. Clot retrieval is then used where a ring device holds the thrombus by capturing it in clasps with a cylinder. This is then withdrawn at the time of flow arrest. This new aspiration device (the penumbra system) has an excellent safety profile and a high rate of ‘target vessel’ recanalization. 

 

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Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery in India

 Spine Surgery in India

Spine surgery is traditionally done as "open surgery," meaning the area being operated on is opened with a long incision to allow the surgeon to view and access the anatomy. In recent years, however, technological advances have allowed more back and neck conditions to be treated with a minimally invasive surgical technique.Because minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS), does not involve a long incision, it avoids significant damage to the muscles surrounding the spine. In most cases, this results in less pain after surgery and a faster recovery.

Spine surgery is typically recommended only when a period of nonsurgical treatment — such as medications and physical therapy — has not relieved the painful symptoms caused by your back problem. In addition, surgery is only considered if your doctor can pinpoint the exact source of your pain, such as a herniated disk or spinal stenosis. Minimally invasive techniques are beginning to be used for a wider range of spine procedures, and have been used for common procedures like decompression and spinal fusion since the 1990s. Decompression relieves pressure put on spinal nerves by removing portions of bone or a herniated disk. Spinal fusion corrects problems with the small bones of the spine (vertebrae). The basic idea is to fuse together the painful vertebrae so that they heal into a single, solid bone. This article focuses on decompression and fusion with a minimally invasive technique.

There is a rapid increase in technology that allows the MIS physician to treat patients with minimally invasive spine surgery procedures. Some of these techniques are now well established, while others remain new and continue to evolve. The best MIS (Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery) technique will depend on the specific character of the problem. While the list of MIS (Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery) techniques continues to expand, the most commonly employed today include:

• Minimally Invasive Tubular Microdiscetomy

• Minimally Invasive Lumbar Laminectomy

• Cervical laminoforaminotomy

• Endoscopic Discectomy

• Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Lumbar Fusion (TILF)

• Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Lumbar Fusion (TILF)

• Minimally Invasive eXtreme Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF)

• Minimally Invasive eXtreme Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF)

• Microsurgical Discectomy

• Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (PLIF)

• Kyphoplasty

• Nucleoplasty or Percutaneous Discectomy

Comparing Minimal type of Invasive pine surgery to Invasive Spine Surgery:

Minimal Invasive Spine surgery comes with more benefice than invasive spine surgery.

• Less scar tissue is created thereby not leaving the patient to recover with huge and ugly scar marks.

• Pain associated with this procedure is effectively less severe as small incisions are made. Also less soft tissues are damaged.

• Less blood is lost and therefore the patients don’t have to be at a medication for long periods of time

• Procedure is more accurate and leaves the patient with better results.

• The cost for such a surgery is quite lesser as compared to an Invasive Spinal surgery.

Our network hospitals have the most advanced spine surgery facilities. The spine surgeons here use minimally invasive and computer guided techniques in spine surgery. In a Minimally Invasive spine surgery the surgeon makes a few small incisions unlike the open surgery where a single large incision is made.

Minimally Invasive spine surgery has several important benefits for the patients. If you have been advised spine surgery your first choice should be the latest minimally invasive technique developed by our world best hospitals in India. Most advanced Technology like Intra Operative MRI, Brain Suite and Computer Assisted Navigation System are deployed by highly trained surgeons for accurate and safe Spine Surgeries through a small incision.

Why should you choose to get Indian hospitals offer the best spinal surgery treatment in India at affordable prices. MedWorld india associated best spine surgery hospitals in India have the latest technology and infrastructure to offer the most advanced spine surgery at low cost.

Salient features of these hospitals are:

• Comprehensive management of spine disorder from birth defects to degeneration of tumor and trauma.

• Dedicated team of International trained and vastly experienced Spine Surgeons, Rheumatologists, Neurologist, Physicians and Physiotherapist.

• Expert evaluation of spinal problems by dedicated team of experienced spine Surgeons, Rheumatologists, Neurologist, Physicians and Physiotherapist.

• Latest Generation Diagnostic and Imaging facilities including dynamic digital X rays, Spiral CT scanning , MRI and Electrophysiology unit all under one roof.

• Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation by experts after the surgery help you regain functional abilities quickly helping in vastly improved overall results.
  
  

About MyMedOpinion.com

MyMedOpinion affiliated  Best hospitals in India provide an medical opinion from experienced surgeons and the treatment cost includes companion stay  , surgeon fee, medicines and consumables, nursing care, patient's food and airport pick up & drop etc. etc. We offer free, no obligation assistance to international patients to find world class medical treatment in India. We offer support and services to facilitate the care you require. We can help you find the best hospital in India

Send us a Medical Report to Get FREE Medical Opinion from India's Top Doctors

MyMedOpinion.com  is the hub of Surgeons and specialists for major diseases. We give you a chance to speak to our doctors and discuss your health issues directly. 

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