Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery in India- Balloon Kyphoplasty at Best Spine Surgery Hospitals in India

Kyphoplasty in India

Kyphoplasty spine surgery is a minimally invasive procedure which supports fractured or compressed vertebrae and also helps in reducing back pain and as well as helps in restoring the height and spinal alignment. During the fracture of vertebrae, the bone which is shaped rectangular gets compressed causing terrible pain. During such cases of compression fractures, there could be a high possibility of collapse of the vertebrae in the spine and becomes a common symptom resulting in osteoporosis. This is a disease that results in loss of bone density, mass and strength leading to weak bones having a lot of pores and which are vulnerable for breaking.

In this Kyphoplasty procedure, balloons are used to elevate the fractured vertebrae to bring it back to its original and correct position. This balloon creates a cavity that is filled with cement which protects from future damages.

When is Kyphoplasty recommended ?

Kyphoplasty is done on patients who experience painful symptoms or spinal deformities due to vertebral compression fractures resulting from osteoporosis. Kyphoplasty is also performed on patients who:

• Are aged or are in poor health to tolerate open spinal surgery.

• Have too frail bones for surgical spinal repair

• Have a vertebral damage due to a cancerous tumor

• Are younger and have osteoporosis caused by a long-term steroid management or a metabolic disorder

How is Kyphoplasty Performed?

Kyphoplasty is performed under local or general anesthesia. Using image guidance x-rays, two small incisions are made and a probe is placed into the vertebral space where the fracture is located. The bone is drilled and a balloon, called a bone tamp, is inserted on each side. These balloons are then inflated with contrast medium (to be seen using image guidance x-rays) until they expand to the desired height and removed. The balloon does not remain in the patient. It simply creates a cavity for the cement and also helps expand the compressed bone.

The spaces created by the balloons are then filled with PMMA, the same orthopaedic cement used in vertebroplasty, binding the fracture. The cement hardens quickly, providing strength and stability to the vertebra, restoring height, and relieving pain.

Benefits of Kyphoplasty

Limitations in the traditional treatments of vertebral compression fractures have led to the refinement of such procedures as kyphoplasty. This procedure provide new options for compression fractures and are designed to relieve pain, reduce and stabilize fractures, reduce spinal deformity, and stop the "downward spiral" of untreated osteoporosis.

Additional benefits of kyphoplasty include :

• Short surgical time

• Only general or local anesthesia required

• Average hospital stay is one day (or less)

• Patients can quickly return to the normal activities of daily living

• No bracing required

How Does Kyphoplasty Compare to Non-surgical Treatment?

Kyphoplasty was shown to be more effective than non-surgical care for the treatment of acute vertebral compression fractures.

Patients treated with kyphoplasty had faster and greater improvement in back pain relief, back function and quality of life at one month after surgery. The benefits of kyphoplasty were sustained on average through 12 months. The overall frequency of patients with adverse events did not differ between the kyphoplasty and the non-surgical groups.1

Benefits of Disc Nucleoplasty for herniated or slipped disc, chronic lower back pain, Sciatica

• Minimally Invasive, Scarless , Minimal Pain & discomfort to the patient

• Quick recovery and return back to active work life

• Minimal Tissue trauma and no risk of complications that may result from open surgery

• Quick Symptom relief within two weeks of undergoing the Nucleoplasty Surgery.

Spine Disc Replacement Surgery in India - Top Spine Hospital in India

What Is an Artificial Disc?

Prestige^® Cervical Disc

An artificial disc is a prosthetic device inserted between the vertebrae to replace a natural spinal disc. It is designed to preserve mobility throughout the treated vertebral segment.

When non-surgical therapies fail to provide relief from acute disc herniation, your doctor may recommend spine surgery. The goal of surgery is to remove all or part of a damaged disc (discectomy), relieve pressure on the nerves and/or spinal cord (decompression), and to restore spinal stability and alignment after the disc has been removed.

Traditionally, spinal fusion has been the gold standard for surgically treating disc herniation or degenerative disc disease. Using bone grafts and instrumentation, such as metal plates and screws, this procedure fuses, or creates a bond between, two adjacent vertebrae. This will ideally stabilize the spine segment and provide pain relief.

This procedure has been successful in many patients. However, spinal fusion results in loss of motion and flexibility in the treated vertebral segment.

As an alternative to spinal fusion, your doctor may recommend a surgical procedure called artificial disc replacement. This is a type of joint replacement procedure, or arthroplasty, that involves inserting an artificial disc into the intervertebral space after a natural cervical disc has been removed.

The device is designed to preserve mobility within the disc space and throughout the treated vertebral segment. It is designed to function like a joint, providing motion (flexion, extension, side bending, and rotation) and alignment (height and curvature) of a natural disc.

The Prestige Cervical Disc is an artificial disc used to replace a problematic disc in patients with single-level (meaning only one spinal disc is affected) cervical degenerative disc disease. Disc degeneration is a normal part of aging, but painful degeneration is caused by a fall, a twisting injury or repetitive wear-and-tear to the cervical spine. Symptoms of cervical degenerative disc disease include low-grade pain from a stiff or inflexible neck and numbness, tingling, or weakness in the neck, arms, or shoulders as a result of nerves in the cervical area becoming irritated or pinched. Cervical fusion surgery is the current gold standard treatment for cervical degenerative disc disease.

Benefits  – Artificial Disc Replacement Surgery

The Prestige^® Cervical Disc as an alternative to spinal fusion was evaluated in a clinical study that involved 541 patients – the largest clinical study of its kind ever conducted and completed for the cervical spine.

Some key findings of the clinical study include:

• The group of patients receiving the Prestige Cervical Disc had a median return to work that was 26.2% earlier than the median in the spinal fusion treatment group.
• Patients in the Prestige Cervical Disc group experienced no device failures (breakages).
• Fewer patients in the Prestige Cervical Disc group required revision surgical procedures than those in the spinal fusion treatment group. A revision surgery was defined as a procedure that adjusts or in any way modifies the original implant configuration.

Minimally Invasive Spine Tumor Removal Surgery in India

Spine Tumor Removal Surgery

Spinal tumor, most back pain is associated with stress, strain and aging — not with a tumor. In most areas of your body, noncancerous tumors aren't particularly worrisome. That's not necessarily the case with your spinal cord, where a spinal tumor or a growth of any kind can impinge on your nerves, leading to pain, neurological problems and sometimes paralysis. A spinal tumor, whether cancerous or not, can threaten life and cause permanent disability. Yet advances in spinal tumor treatment offer more options than ever before.

Although back pain is the most common indication of a spinal tumor, most back pain is associated with stress, strain and aging — not with a tumor. In most areas of your body, noncancerous tumors aren't particularly worrisome. That's not necessarily the case with your spinal cord, where a spinal tumor or a growth of any kind can impinge on your nerves, leading to pain, neurological problems and sometimes paralysis. A spinal tumor, whether cancerous or not, can threaten life and cause permanent disability. Yet advances in spinal tumor treatment offer more options than ever before.

Following are different types of Spinal tumors based on their cancerous or non-cancerous behavior.

Benign bone tumors are of following types:

• Giant Cell Tumor: Usually found in the sacrum

• Hemangioma: Usually found in the thoracic spine

• Osteoid Osteoma: Usually found to affect the lumbar spine's posterior spinal column

• Osteoblastoma: Usually found to affect the spine's posterior spinal column Malignant bone tumors are classified as follows:

• Chordoma: Affects the sacrum and coccyx in the midline

• Osteosarcoma: affect the anterior vertebral body and it may also invade the Posterior spinal elements.

Malignant cartilage tumor:

• Chondrosarcoma; Found primarily in the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spine

Malignant plasma cell tumors:

• Plasmacytoma is cancer of the white blood cells (plasma cells) which effects the thoracic spine and may also involve the spinal cord ot the nerve roots.

• Lymphomas are cancer of the body's lymphatic system that may spread to the spine .Usually the anterior part (front) of the spinal column is affected

• Ewing's Sarcoma: It affects the Sacrum or the nerves.

What are the Symptoms of Spinal Tumor?

There is a rapid increase in technology that allows the MIS physician to treat patients with minimally invasive spine surgery procedures. Some of these techniques are now well established, while others remain new and continue to evolve. The best MIS (Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery) technique will depend on the specific character of the problem. While the list of MIS (Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery) techniques continues to expand, the most commonly employed today include:

• Minimally Invasive Tubular Microdiscetomy

• Minimally Invasive Lumbar Laminectomy

• Cervical laminoforaminotomy

• Endoscopic Discectomy

• Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Lumbar Fusion (TILF)

• Minimally Invasive eXtreme Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF)

• Microsurgical Discectomy

• Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (PLIF)

• Kyphoplasty

• Nucleoplasty or Percutaneous Discectomy

Comparing Minimal type of Invasive pine surgery to Invasive Spine Surgery:

Tumor may cause generalized symptoms in the body (like persistent low energy levels, unexplainable weight loss, lump formation, enlargement of lymph nodes, malaise, irregularities of menstruation in females etc) as well as symptoms pertaining to the affected organ in the body. In case of spinal tumor the patient may present with any of the following

• Back pain, often radiating to other parts of the body and worse at night

• Loss of sensation or muscle weakness, especially in the legs

• Difficulty walking, sometimes leading to falls

• Paralysis may occur in varying degrees and in different parts of the body, depending on which nerves are compressed.

• Scoliosis or other spinal deformity resulting from a large, but non cancerous tumor

• Erosion and Destruction of vertebral body

Objective of Spinal Tumor Surgery

The primary objective of the surgery is to reduce the pain caused by the spinal tumor, to restore and preserve neurological function and provide spinal stability. Spinal Tumor surgery is generally indicated in case there is a localized tumor which can be removed with minimum damage to nerve and spinal cord, or there is persistent neurological deficit and pain which is unresponsive to non operative treatment, or there is vertebral bone destruction affecting spinal stability. Surgery may include resection (partial removal) or excision (complete removal) of tumor. When the tumor is removed (partially or completely) pain and neurologic problems may clear up.

Minimally Invasive Spinal Tumor Removal Surgery at World's Best Spine Surgery Hospitals in India

Depending on the type of spinal tumor and its location, surgery may include one or more of the following procedures: -

Decompression : - Remove the tumor, bone, and other tissues compressing the spinal cord and or spinal nerve roots.

Spinal Stabilization : - Your spine can become unstable after part of the bone or other tissues (e.g., intervertebral discs) are taken out. An unstable spine can move in abnormal ways, putting you more at risk for serious neurological injury. In this case, the surgeon will want to stabilize your spine by using instrumentation and fusion.

In spine stabilization by fusion, the surgeon creates an environment where the bones in your spine will fuse together over time (usually over several months or longer). The surgeon uses a bone graft (usually using bone from your own body, but it's possible to use donor bone as well) or a biological substance (which will stimulate bone growth). Your surgeon may use spinal instrumentation-wires, cables, screws, rods, and plates-to increase stability as the bones fuse. The fusion will stop movement between the vertebrae, providing long-term stability.

Combination : - You may need to have both a decompression and spinal stabilization. Decompression and stabilization spine surgeries may be performed as a minimally invasive procedure or by using a more traditional open approach (longer incision, longer recovery time).

Kyphoplasty or Vertebroplasty : - These are similar minimally invasive surgical procedures performed to stabilize a fractured vertebra. Spinal tumors that invade vertebrae may cause it to break and can cause severe pain.

Kyphoplasty uses a special orthopaedic balloon. It's inserted into the fractured vertebra. Then, the balloon is inflated in an effort to return the vertebra to the correct height and position. The balloon creates a void-a hole-in your vertebra, and it's then removed. The void is filled in with a surgical cement that should support the vertebra and keep it from fracturing again.

Vertebroplasty does not use a balloon, but it does involve injecting surgical cement into the vertebral body. Both procedures provide immediate fracture stabilization.

Why surgery for Spine Tumor Removal?

• When the tumor is removed (partially or completely) pain and neurologic problems may clear up.

• To restore and preserve neurological function and provide spinal stability.

• Spinal Tumor surgery is generally indicated in case there is a localized tumor which can be removed with minimum damage to nerve and spinal cord,

• There is persistent neurological deficit and pain which is unresponsive to non operative treatment

• Surgery may include resection (partial removal) or excision (complete removal) of tumor.

Recovery post Spinal Tumor Surgery

Recovery post Spinal Tumor surgery depends on patient’s health before surgery. The patient’s care is monitored by periodical office visits and re-evaluation by the treating physician. This is important because some tumors, benign or malignant, may reoccur. Usually when the treatment period has ended, the symptoms clear up.

Analgesics are given to control post-operative pain and cancer pain. Cancer pain may be difficult to control (e.g. ‘break through pain’). A pain management specialist may provide assistance if conventional drugs (e.g. pill, skin patch) do not provide relief. Any surgery, radiation treatment or chemotherapy can drain the patient nutritionally. Therefore, a proper diet is important to regain strength, lost weight, and a measure of health. A professional nutritionist can provide guidance. Depending on the extent of the surgery and the patient’s medical status, a course of physical therapy may be prescribed. Through exercise and modalities the patient can build strength, endurance and flexibility.

Deep Brain Stimulation, Parkinson Surgery, Tremor, Dystonia, OCD Treatment at World's Best Hospital in India

What is Deep Brain Stimulation?

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a treatment for selected patient suffering from Parkinson’s disease dystonia and most forms of tremors. Recently, the use of DBS therapy has been extended for the treatment of intractable epilepsy, refractory Obsessive compulsive disorders, depression and Progressive supranuclear palsies.

DBS consist of implantation of very thin DBS Lead which contains four electrode contacts into the target area in the brain. The lead extends through a small opening in the skull and is connected to the extension that is then connected to an impulse generator or pacemaker which is implanted under the skin over the chest. The entire system is implanted beneath the skin. DBS exerts its therapeutic effect by delivering electrical impulses to the target region.

Deep Brain Stimulation is an alternative to ablative surgeries conventionally offered for Parkinson’s disease and other related movement disorders. The common targets for DBS surgery within the brain, for movement disorder include, subthalamic nucleus (STN) for Parkinson’s disease, ventro-intermedius nucleus of thalamus for tremors, and pallidum for dystonia. Though each of this target sites can be used for different movement disorder, we believe that these are best for the respective disease as indicated.

The therapy of Deep Brain Stimulation requires additional expertise over conventional stereotactic techniques that are required for functional neurosurgical procedures for movement disorder. It requires careful understanding of the principles of DBS, understanding of the disease being treated and combining the medical therapy along with stimulation to achieve smooth control of the disease

What are the Types of Deep Brain Stimulation Therapy?

Deep brain stimulation involves the implantation of a wire, with 4 electrodes at its tip, into one of 3 target sites in the brain:

• The thalamus (this procedure is known as thalamic stimulation)

• The globus pallidus (this procedure is pallidal stimulation)

• The subthalamic nucleus (this procedure is subthalamic stimulation)

• Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation - In Thalamic deep brain stimulation, the DBS electrode is placed down into the thalamus and testing is begun. Electrical impulses are sent from the tip of the electrode into the thalamus. This is to identify a brain location where the tremor can be stopped effectively. At the same time, the surgical team monitors for any side effects of stimulation like numbness of the face, mouth, heaviness or weakness of the limb, change in speech, etc. If good results are obtained, the electrode is left in place and anchored to a plastic clip that is attached to the skull opening. The wound is then closed.

In stage two of the operation, the patient is given a general anesthetia and put to sleep. The side of the head, neck and upper chest is prepared and draped. A small incision is made below the collarbone to allow creation of a small pouch underneath the skin that will hold the stimulator pulse generator or battery. A small incision is made behind the ear and a cable passed from the chest incision up to the head (all under the skin). This cable is then attached to the electrode coming out of the brain using a small plastic cover. The entire system remains underneath the skin. Generally, the chest incision is closed with an invisible stitch that does not need to be removed. The scalp stitches (in the front and behind the ear) are closed with nylon.

• Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation - This procedure is similar. However, once the skull opening has been created safely, a microelectrode (very small metal wire) is inserted into the brain toward the thalamus and subthalamic region. A neurophysiologist participates in the identification of specific brain cells in these regions. The purpose is to map out the area optimize placement of the electrode. Often the room will be dark during this time period. The patient will be kept comfortable during this time as the brain is evaluated. The time for microelectrode recording can take several hours. Once the appropriate area is identified, test stimulation is performed in order to check that the electrode is in a safe location that will not disturb brain function. When the safe area is identified, the electrode will be left in place and clipped to the skull bone-fastening device. If both sides of the brain are to be operated on at the same setting, a second incision will be made on the other side and the procedure repeated. This will again take several hours.

Subthalamic deep brain stimulation is a longer operation. For most patients, the first stage of the operation which is placing electrodes into the brain will be performed in one day. The patient will be observed overnight in the hospital. The scalp incisions will be closed and the patient will return to the hospital 3-7 days later for the second stage of the procedure. At the second stage, performed under a general anesthetic, the cables and batteries will insert into the neck and chest area. Once the device is inserted, the patient will return to the neurology clinic. The stimulators will be turned on by the neurologist and his team several weeks later.

• Globus Pallidus Deep Brain Stimulation - The procedure is similar to that described above with several exceptions. In dystonia patients, the electrodes are placed into the brain using MRI stereotactic guidance, and then checked using stimulation. For most patients, both electrode insertion under local anesthesia and cable and pulse generator placement under general anesthesia is performed on the same day.

Who should undergo a Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)?

DBS is a surgical option that is known to improve quality of life for movement disorder patients, so when one’s quality of life is dramatically affected by the disease or by medication side effects, it’s time to consider DBS. Following are the conditons where Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery can be performed:

Parkinson Disease: DBS surgery offers important symptomatic relief in patients with moderate disability from Parkinson's disease who still retain some benefit from antiparkinsonian medications and who are cognitively intact. Patients who fluctuate between "ON” and “OFF” medication states are usually good surgical candidates, as are those who have troublesome dyskinesias.

Dystonia: DBS surgery does not cure dystonia but can decrease the abnormal movements and postures of dystonia. The degree of benefit appears to vary with both the type of dystonia and the duration of the symptoms. Adolescents and young adults with inherited forms of primary dystonia appear to get very significant benefit. For patients with secondary dystonia due to stroke or head trauma, the benefit may be mild. Adults who have had dystonia for many years probably have less improvement than those with more recent onset of symptoms.

Essential Tremor: DBS is a highly effective therapy for patients with essential tremor, often resulting in an 80% decrease in tremor that lasts for several years. Patients with a tremor secondary to stroke, traumatic brain injury or multiple sclerosis are less likely to benefit from DBS.

Advantages of Deep Brain Stimulation Therapy

Deep brain stimulation therapy offers a number of advantages. The electrical stimulation is adjustable, whereas surgical destruction is not. As the patient's response to surgery changes over time, the stimulation can be adjusted without the necessity of repeat operation.

Another significant advantage of deep brain stimulation therapy relates to future treatments. Destructive surgery, such as thalamotomy or pallidotomy, may reduce the patient's potential to benefit from future therapies. For example, future brain cell transplantation may be of great help to patients with Parkinson's disease. There is concern that a pallidotomy or thalamotomy may prevent patients from benefiting from brain cell transplantation. This would not be the case with deep brain stimulation as the stimulator could be turned off. Studies show that in 65-85% of the people who have been implanted with the Deep Brain Stimulation system, the treatment has significantly reduced, if not eliminated, their tremor. In fact, the vast majority of recipients report being able to participate in activities, they could not even attempt before treatment.

Deep Brain Stimulation Therapy in India

DBS therapy has become a much known therapy to mitigate movement related disorders but can have serious repercussions if not delivered by an experienced, knowledgeable and skilled specialist. In India most of the surgeons, doctors and health care professionals are internationally trained. These professionals have handled multiple cases related to Deep Brain Stimulation Therapy.

There are millions of people who travel each year to India for different types of medical and surgical procedures. They seek medical and surgical treatment in India as these facilities are either very expensive or unavailable in their own country especially an advanced brain stimulation therapy like DBS. Indian hospitals have become highly popular for their state-of-the-art amenities and sophisticated infrastructure. There are many hotels of international standards that make accommodation easy for those who seek medical and surgical treatment in India. Travelling in India has become easier as modes of transportation have increased dramatically. That is why many people fro.

Endovascular Neurosurgery at World's Best Hospital in India

Neurosurgery is a branch of surgery that treats conditions and diseases of the brain and nervous system. Radiology is a medical specialty that helps diagnose and treat conditions and diseases using various radiology techniques. Endovascular neurosurgery is a subspecialty within neurosurgery that uses catheters and radiology to diagnose and treat various conditions and diseases of the central nervous system. The central nervous system is made up of the brain and the spinal cord. This medical specialty is also called Neurointerventional Surgery.

Interventional neuroradiology is a subspecialty within radiology that also involves catheters and radiology to diagnose and treat neurological conditions and diseases. The term endovascular means “inside a blood vessel.” Endovascular neurosurgery uses tools that pass through the blood vessels to diagnose and treat diseases and conditions rather than using open surgery. The surgeon often uses radiology images to help him or her to see the part of the body involved in the procedure.

Doctors in these specialties may also diagnose and treat conditions of the spinal cord using similar techniques, although not through a blood vessel. These types of procedures are called “minimally invasive” because they generally require only a tiny incision instead of a larger incision necessary for open surgery.

Conditions in which Interventional Neuroradiology/Endovascular Neurosurgery is performed

1. Intracranial Aneurysms

When the blood vessels are countered with focal swelling, the corresponding condition is called Aneurysms. These swollen blood vessels may burst and would result to bleeding in the brain. Such disease can be treated without the need of the open surgery. The treatment recommended for the Aneurysms, is endovascular coiling. The studies and statistics that show better outcomes of this treatment, recommend this treatment

2. Stroke or Brain attack that include Intra-arterial Thrombolysis

When there are any blockages of arteries present in the brain, it would result in the acute stroke attack or brain attack. Patients suffering from this disease would find the placement of the micro-catheter in the affected areas in the brain as an effective treatment. Post treatment, further the thrombolytic drugs administration would help the patient to dissolve the material that causes the block. However, it is also possible to remove the mechanical clot from the brain of the patients, who approach the hospital after strokes.

3. Spinal or Cerebral Angiogaphy

The diseases that are related to the blood vessels are generally investigated and diagnosed with the DSA or Digital Subtraction Angiography. This diagnostic method is detected when the doctors suspect the vascular disease. And this DSA is generally understood and considered as a gold standard investigation.

4. Tumour Embolisation

During the process of the intracranial tumour removal, the major problem occurs is the bleeding. In such cases, the preoperative endovascular occlusion done by the interventional Neuroradiologist could help the surgeon. The bleeding will then be reduced and the surgery could be well facilitated.

5. Percutaneous Sclerotherapy

There are many of the superficial vascular malformations exist like Lymphangiomas or Haemangioma, etc. lymphangiomas is the malformation of the lymphs, whereas Hameangioma is the malformation of the affected blood vessels. These diseases can be treated with the help of puncturing over them using a needle. Immediately the process is followed by ‘sclerosant material’ to be injected so that the obliteration of the malformation will be resulted.

6. Arteriovenous Malformation

Sometimes the blood vessels are malformed and swollen causing the AVMs or Arteriovenous Malformation. The result of this disease is to cause the headache, seizures from the bleeding happening in the brain. These AVMs find the solution through the treatment by injecting onyx or glue that would be placed in the specified abnormal blood vessels. The placement of the glue is done through the microcatheters.

7. Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty

Elder age people are usually suffering from the severe back pain that could be caused either from the bone that become weak from the age or from the collapse or vertebrae of the bones present in the spine. This condition is well treated using bone cement that is injected into the bones with the help of the needles. The needles are placed in bone that is broken so that the vertebra will be stabilized and the pain caused from it would be reduced.

8. Stent Replacement or Angioplasty

Stent replacement or Angioplasty is usually needed for treating the stenosis that are present in the arteries of the brain. This stenosis present in arteries that would lead to the brain cause many of the strokes. These conditions find solutions by non-invasive methods like endovascular route by adopting the same procedure of angioplasty or stenting. These procedures are performed not in very complex ways by giving the local anesthesia.

Endovascular Neurosurgical procedures in India:

Thrombolytic therapy. This procedure uses “clot-busting” medication to dissolve a clot in a blood vessel in the brain or elsewhere in the body.

Endovascular coiling. A surgeon inserts a very thin metal wire that forms a coil inside a brain aneurysm to block blood flow. A brain aneurysm is a bulging, weakened area in the wall of an artery in the brain, resulting in an abnormal widening or ballooning. Because the artery wall has a weakened spot, the aneurysm is at risk for bursting if blood flow isn’t blocked.

Minimally invasive spine surgery. This procedure is used to treat spinal disorders such as fractures, tumors, compressed nerves, and other conditions that put pressure on the spinal cord.

Cerebral angiography. This is a radiology procedure that looks at how well blood is flowing in the brain.

Carotid artery angioplasty/stenting. This procedure uses a small balloon and/or a tiny metal scaffold called a stent to open a narrowed carotid artery. The carotid arteries supply blood to the brain.

Why Endovascular Neurosurgery at World's Best Hospital in India

• Indian doctors are known all over the world for their skill and knowledge and have the experience of studying and working at the best neuro surgery hospitals in the world.

• Neurosurgery Hospitals in India are equipped with the latest and high end technology.

• Advanced Dyna CT capability enhances the ability of Endovascular surgeon to perform most accurately in delicate vascular areas like brain

• Minimal incision similar to cardiac treatment, such as angioplasty or stent placement

• Diagnostic (Cerebral or Spinal Angiography) or Therapeutic procedures for Intracranial Aneurysms, Arterial Stenosis, Stroke (Brain attack), Arteriovenous Malformations, Vertebroplasty and Percutaneous Sclerotherapy