What is Kyphoplasty
Kyphoplasty
is used to treat pain caused by vertebral compression fractures in the
spine. Vertebral fractures occur in thousands of people each year. The
main cause of these fractures is osteoporosis. Osteoporosis causes bone
to lose strength and become more susceptible to fractures. Kyphoplasty
should be completed within eight weeks of when the fracture occurs, this
is for the maximum probability of restoring the spinal bone to its
standard height.
To confirm the presence of a compression fracture following tests needs to be done after a physical examination:
- Blood tests,
- Spine x-rays
- Radioisotope bone scan or
- MRI
How is Kyphoplasty Performed?
Kyphoplasty
is performed under local or general anesthesia. Using image guidance
x-rays, two small incisions are made and a probe is placed into the
vertebral space where the fracture is located. The bone is drilled and a
balloon, called a bone tamp, is inserted on each side. These balloons
are then inflated with contrast medium until they expand to the desired
height and removed. The balloon does not remain in the patient. It
simply creates a cavity for the cement and also helps expand the
compressed bone.
The
spaces created by the balloons are then filled with PMMA, the same
orthopaedic cement used in vertebroplasty, binding the fracture. The
cement hardens quickly, providing strength and stability to the
vertebra, restoring height, and relieving pain.
Recovery from kyphoplasty
Pain
relief will be immediate for some patients. In others, elimination or
reduction of pain is reported within two days. At home, patients can
return to their normal daily activities, although strenuous exertion,
such as heavy lifting, should be avoided for at least six weeks.
Patients
should see their physician to begin or review their treatment plan for
osteoporosis, including medications to prevent further bone loss.
Candidates for kyphoplasty
Kyphoplasty
cannot correct an established deformity of the spine, and certain
patients with osteoporosis are not candidates for this treatment.
Patients experiencing painful symptoms or spinal deformities from recent
osteoporotic compression fractures are likely candidates for
kyphoplasty. The procedure should be completed within 8 weeks of when
the fracture occurs for the highest probability of restoring height.
Benefits of Kyphoplasty
Limitations
in the traditional treatments of vertebral compression fractures have
led to the refinement of such procedures as kyphoplasty. This procedure
provide new options for compression fractures and are designed to
relieve pain, reduce and stabilize fractures, reduce spinal deformity,
and stop the "downward spiral" of untreated osteoporosis.
Additional benefits of kyphoplasty include
- Short surgical time
- Only general or local anesthesia required
- Average hospital stay is one day (or less)
- Patients can quickly return to the normal activities of daily living
- No bracing required
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